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Original Articles
- Measurement and Decomposition of Socioeconomic Inequality in Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Analysis of the RaNCD Cohort Study in the West of Iran
- Moslem Soofi, Farid Najafi, Shahin Soltani, Behzad Karamimatin
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(1):50-58. Published online January 6, 2023
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.22.373
- 2,439 View
- 91 Download
- 2 Web of Science
- 2 Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF - Objectives
Socioeconomic inequality in metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains poorly understood in Iran. The present study examined the extent of the socioeconomic inequalities in MetS and quantified the contribution of its determinants to explain the observed inequality, with a focus on middle-aged adults in Iran.
Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease cohort study. A sample of 9975 middle-aged adults aged 35-65 years was analyzed. MetS was assessed based on the International Diabetes Federation definition. Principal component analysis was used to construct socioeconomic status (SES). The Wagstaff normalized concentration index (CIn) was employed to measure the magnitude of socioeconomic inequalities in MetS. Decomposition analysis was performed to identify and calculate the contribution of the MetS inequality determinants.
Results
The proportion of MetS in the sample was 41.1%. The CIn of having MetS was 0.043 (95% confidence interval, 0.020 to 0.066), indicating that MetS was more concentrated among individuals with high SES. The main contributors to the observed inequality in MetS were SES (72.0%), residence (rural or urban, 46.9%), and physical activity (31.5%).
Conclusions
Our findings indicated a pro-poor inequality in MetS among Iranian middle-aged adults. These results highlight the importance of persuading middle-aged adults to be physically active, particularly those in an urban setting. In addition to targeting physically inactive individuals and those with low levels of education, policy interventions aimed at mitigating socioeconomic inequality in MetS should increase the focus on high-SES individuals and the urban population. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Sleep Quality, Nutrient Intake, and Social Development Index Predict Metabolic Syndrome in the Tlalpan 2020 Cohort: A Machine Learning and Synthetic Data Study
Guadalupe Gutiérrez-Esparza, Mireya Martinez-Garcia, Tania Ramírez-delReal, Lucero Elizabeth Groves-Miralrio, Manlio F. Marquez, Tomás Pulido, Luis M. Amezcua-Guerra, Enrique Hernández-Lemus
Nutrients.2024; 16(5): 612. CrossRef - Socioeconomic inequalities in metabolic syndrome and its components in a sample of Iranian Kurdish adults
Pardis Mohammadzadeh, Farhad Moradpour, Bijan Nouri, Farideh Mostafavi, Farid Najafi, Ghobad Moradi
Epidemiology and Health.2023; 45: e2023083. CrossRef
- Validity of Self-reported Hypertension and Factors Related to Discordance Between Self-reported and Objectively Measured Hypertension: Evidence From a Cohort Study in Iran
- Farid Najafi, Yahya Pasdar, Ebrahim Shakiba, Behrooz Hamzeh, Mitra Darbandi, Mehdi Moradinazar, Jafar Navabi, Bita Anvari, Mohammad Reza Saidi, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(2):131-139. Published online March 29, 2019
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.257
- 6,748 View
- 136 Download
- 18 Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF
- Objectives
Self-reporting can be used to determine the incidence and prevalence of hypertension (HTN). The present study was conducted to determine the validity of self-reported HTN and to identify factors affecting discordance between self-reported and objectively measured HTN in participants in the Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort.
Methods
The RaNCD cohort included permanent residents of Ravansar, Iran aged 35-65 years. Self-reported data were collected before clinical examinations were conducted by well-trained staff members. The gold standard for HTN was anti-hypertensive medication use and blood pressure measurements. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and overall accuracy of self-reporting were calculated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine the discordance between self-reported HTN and the gold standard.
Results
Of the 10 065 participants in the RaNCD, 4755 (47.4%) were male. The prevalence of HTN was 16.8% based on self-reporting and 15.7% based on medical history and HTN measurements. Of the participants with HTN, 297 (18.8%) had no knowledge of their disease, and 313 (19.9%) had not properly controlled their HTN despite receiving treatment. The sensitivity, specificity, and kappa for self-reported HTN were 75.5%, 96.4%, and 73.4%, respectively. False positives became more likely with age, body mass index (BMI), low socioeconomic status, and female sex, whereas false negatives became more likely with age, BMI, high socioeconomic status, smoking, and urban residency.
Conclusions
The sensitivity and specificity of self-reported HTN were acceptable, suggesting that this method can be used for public health initiatives in the absence of countrywide HTN control and detection programs. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Self-Reported Hypertension and Associated Factors Among Adults in Butambala District, Central Uganda: A Community-Based Prevalence Study
Alex Kato, Winnie Kibone, Jerom Okot, Joseph Baruch Baluku, Felix Bongomin
Integrated Blood Pressure Control.2023; Volume 16: 71. CrossRef - Validity of self‐reported hypertension and related factors in the adult population: Preliminary results from the cohort in the west of Iran
Negar Piri, Yousef Moradi, Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Mahsa Abdullahi, Eghbal Fattahi, Farhad Moradpour
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2023; 25(2): 146. CrossRef - Sex-Specific Contributions of Alcohol and Hypertension on Everyday Cognition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Madison Musich, Amy N. Costa, Victoria Salathe, Mary Beth Miller, Ashley F. Curtis
Journal of Women's Health.2023; 32(10): 1086. CrossRef - National and regional prevalence rates of hypertension in Saudi Arabia: A descriptive analysis using the national survey data
Aqeel M. Alenazi, Bader A. Alqahtani
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Psychotic-like experiences are associated with physical disorders in general population: A cross-sectional study from the NESARC II
David Sleurs, Caroline Dubertret, Baptiste Pignon, Sarah Tebeka, Yann Le Strat
Journal of Psychosomatic Research.2023; 165: 111128. CrossRef - Understanding Cognitive Deficits in People with High Blood Pressure
Weixi Kang, Sònia Pineda Hernández
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2023; 13(11): 1592. CrossRef - Validity of self-reported hypertension and associated factors among Vietnamese adults: a cross-sectional study
Hoang Thi Hai Van, Dang Thi Huong, Tran Ngoc Anh
Blood Pressure.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Validity of self‐reported hypertension in India: Evidence from nationally representative survey of adult population over 45 years
Mrigesh Bhatia, Priyanka Dixit, Manish Kumar, Laxmi Kant Dwivedi
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2022; 24(11): 1506. CrossRef - Socioeconomic inequalities in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension: evidence from the PERSIAN cohort study
Mahin Amini, Mahdi Moradinazar, Fatemeh Rajati, Moslem Soofi, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Hossein Poustchi, Sareh Eghtesad, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Javad Harooni, Javad Aghazadeh-Attari, Majid Fallahi, Mohammad Reza Fattahi, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Farhad Moradpour,
BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Barriers to effective hypertension management in rural Bihar, India: A cross-sectional, linked supply- and demand-side study
Michael A. Peters, Olakunle Alonge, Anbrasi Edward, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah, Japneet Kaur, Navneet Kumar, Krishna D. Rao, Roopa Shivashankar
PLOS Global Public Health.2022; 2(10): e0000513. CrossRef - Risk factors, ethnicity and dementia: A UK Biobank prospective cohort study of White, South Asian and Black participants
Naaheed Mukadam, Louise Marston, Gemma Lewis, Gill Livingston, Gyaneshwer Chaubey
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(10): e0275309. CrossRef - Maternal perinatal hypertensive disorders and parenting in infancy
Lindsay Huffhines, Margaret H. Bublitz, Jesse L. Coe, Ronald Seifer, Stephanie H. Parade
Infant Behavior and Development.2022; 69: 101781. CrossRef - Determinants of self-reported hypertension among women in South Africa: evidence from the population-based survey
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Clinical Hypertension.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Identifying factors associated with of blood pressure using Structural Equation Modeling: evidence from a large Kurdish cohort study in Iran
Farid Najafi, Mehdi Moradinazar, Shahab Rezayan, Reza Azarpazhooh, Parastoo Jamshidi
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Examining elevated blood pressure and the effects of diabetes self-management education on blood pressure among a sample of Marshallese with type 2 diabetes in Arkansas
Pearl A. McElfish, Christopher R. Long, Zoran Bursac, Aaron J. Scott, Harish E. Chatrathi, Ka‘imi A. Sinclair, Nirav Nagarsheth, Mikaila Calcagni, Jay Patolia, Marie-Rachelle Narcisse, Solveig A. Cunningham
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(4): e0250489. CrossRef - Food insecurity and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Sourik Beltrán, Marissa Pharel, Canada T. Montgomery, Itzel J. López-Hinojosa, Daniel J. Arenas, Horace M. DeLisser, Ronpichai Chokesuwattanaskul
PLOS ONE.2020; 15(11): e0241628. CrossRef - Treatment of amphetamine abuse/use disorder: a systematic review of a recent health concern
Mansour Khoramizadeh, Mohammad Effatpanah, Alireza Mostaghimi, Mehdi Rezaei, Alireza Mahjoub, Sara Shishehgar
DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences.2019; 27(2): 743. CrossRef - Racial/Ethnic Differences in Cardiometabolic Risk in a Community Sample of Sexual Minority Women
Billy A. Caceres, Cindy B. Veldhuis, Tonda L. Hughes
Health Equity.2019; 3(1): 350. CrossRef
- Measuring and Decomposing Socioeconomic Inequalities in Adult Obesity in Western Iran
- Farid Najafi, Yahya Pasdar, Behrooz Hamzeh, Satar Rezaei, Mehdi Moradi Nazar, Moslem Soofi
- J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(6):289-297. Published online October 29, 2018
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.062
- 6,479 View
- 176 Download
- 14 Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF
- Objectives
Obesity is a considerable and growing public health concern worldwide. The present study aimed to quantify socioeconomic inequalities in adult obesity in western Iran.
Methods
A total of 10 086 participants, aged 35-65 years, from the Ravansar Non-communicable Disease Cohort Study (2014-2016) were included in the study to examine socioeconomic inequalities in obesity. We defined obesity as a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 . The concentration index and concentration curve were used to illustrate and measure wealth-related inequality in obesity. Additionally, we decomposed the concentration index to identify factors that explained wealth-related inequality in obesity.
Results
Overall, the prevalence of obesity in the total sample was 26.7%. The concentration index of obesity was 0.04; indicating that obesity was more concentrated among the rich (p<0.001). Decomposition analysis indicated that wealth, place of residence, and marital status were the main contributors to the observed inequality in obesity.
Conclusions
Socioeconomic-related inequalities in obesity among adults warrant more attention. Policies should be designed to reduce both the prevalence of obesity and inequalities in obesity by focusing on those with higher socioeconomic status, urban residents, and married individuals. -
Summary
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Worse becomes the worst: obesity inequality, its determinants and policy options in Iran
Fatemeh Toorang, Parisa Amiri, Abolghassem Djazayery, Hamed Pouraram, Amirhossein Takian
Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Socioeconomic inequality and urban-rural disparity of antenatal care visits in Bangladesh: A trend and decomposition analysis
Biplab Biswas, Nishith Kumar, Md. Matiur Rahaman, Sukanta Das, Md. Aminul Hoque, Benojir Ahammed
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(3): e0301106. CrossRef - Measurement and Decomposition of Socioeconomic Inequality in Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Analysis of the RaNCD Cohort Study in the West of Iran
Moslem Soofi, Farid Najafi, Shahin Soltani, Behzad Karamimatin
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2023; 56(1): 50. CrossRef - Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Iranian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Behnaz Abiri, Amirhossein Ramezani Ahmadi, Shirin Amini, Mojtaba Akbari, Farhad Hosseinpanah, Seyed Ataollah Madinehzad, Mahdi Hejazi, Amirreza Pouladi Rishehri, Alvand Naserghandi, Majid Valizadeh
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Association of a pro-inflammatory diet with type 2 diabetes and hypertension: results from the Ravansar non-communicable diseases cohort study
Samira Arbabi Jam, Shahab Rezaeian, Farid Najafi, Behrooz Hamzeh, Ebrahim Shakiba, Mehdi Moradinazar, Mitra Darbandi, Fatemeh Hichi, Sareh Eghtesad, Yahya Pasdar
Archives of Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Decomposition of Socioeconomic Inequality in Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence in the Adult Population: A Cohort-based Cross-sectional Study in Northwest Iran
Farhad Pourfarzi, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Hamed Zandian
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2022; 55(3): 297. CrossRef - The socio-economic inequality in body mass index: a PERSIAN cohort-based cross-sectional study on 20,000 Iranian adults
Farhad Pourfarzi, Satar Rezaei, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Hamed Zandian, Foad Dibazar
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Assessing the income-related inequality in obesity among the elderly in China: A decomposition analysis
Jinpeng Xu, Guomei Tian, Ting Zhang, Hongyu Zhang, Jian Liu, Qi Shi, Jiale Sun, Haixin Wang, Bokai Zhang, Qunhong Wu, Zheng Kang
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Socioeconomic disparities in using rehabilitation services among Iranian adults with disabilities: a decomposition analysis
Shahin Soltani, Marzieh Mohammadi Moghadam, Shiva Amani, Shahram Akbari, Amir Shiani, Moslem Soofi
BMC Health Services Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Establishing hematological reference intervals in healthy adults: Ravansar non‐communicable disease cohort study, Iran
Mehdi Moradinazar, Farid Najafi, Yahya Pasdar, Behrooz Hamzeh, Ebrahim Shakiba, Mary Kathryn Bohn, Khosrow Adeli, Zohreh Rahimi
International Journal of Laboratory Hematology.2021; 43(2): 199. CrossRef - Socioeconomic - related inequalities in overweight and obesity: findings from the PERSIAN cohort study
Farid Najafi, Shahin Soltani, Behzad Karami Matin, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Satar Rezaei, Moslem Soofi, Yahya Salimi, Mehdi Moradinazar, Mohammad Hajizadeh, Loghman Barzegar, Yahya Pasdar, Behrooz Hamzeh, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Reza Malekzadeh, Hossein Poustchi,
BMC Public Health.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Association of all forms of malnutrition and socioeconomic status, educational level and ethnicity in Colombian children and non-pregnant women
Gustavo Cediel, Eliana Perez, Diego Gaitán, Olga L Sarmiento, Laura Gonzalez
Public Health Nutrition.2020; 23(S1): s51. CrossRef - Türkiye’de Kadınlarda Obezite Üzerine Sosyoekonomik Faktörlerin Etkisi ve Gelir Eşitsizliği
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Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Socioeconomic inequalities in obesity in Brazil
Lívia Madeira Triaca, Anderson Moreira Aristides dos Santos, Cesar Augusto Oviedo Tejada
Economics & Human Biology.2020; 39: 100906. CrossRef
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